Companion to Letters Before Numbers, in 20 sections with 12 interactive figures. The residual from an analytical redundancy relation detects faults cleanly in noise-free simulation; real measurements are never noise-free. The statistic rather than the residual, thresholds and time, robustness and honest limits, and how detection becomes a decision.
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The companion lives at its own URL in the warm-paper layout, with interactive figures you can push on.
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